Dip bars
Leaning forward emphasises the lower chest; staying upright shifts work to the triceps.
| Muscle | Role | Action |
|---|---|---|
| Pectoralis major | Primary | Flexes, adducts and medially rotates the arm |
| Triceps brachii | Primary | Extends the elbow; the long head also extends the arm |
| Anterior deltoid | Secondary | Flexes and medially rotates the arm at the shoulder |
| Pectoralis minor | Secondary | Pulls the scapula forward and down and rotates it downward |
| Rhomboids | Secondary | Retract, elevate and downwardly rotate the scapula |
Primary muscles are the prime movers; secondary muscles assist or stabilise. The balance shifts with grip, stance, range of motion and technique.